Born on This Day: April 4

Roman emperor whose extension of citizenship to most free inhabitants of the empire had lasting legal and political consequences.

French orientalist and translator whose version of One Thousand and One Nights introduced the work to a broad European audience.

American legislator whose antislavery leadership and Reconstruction policies advanced civil and political rights.

American reformer whose advocacy transformed the treatment of people with mental illness and expanded wartime nursing.

American inventor whose pin-tumbler lock designs became foundations of modern physical security.

Japanese admiral whose naval planning shaped the opening and early course of the Pacific War.

American blues musician whose amplified Chicago style became foundational to modern blues and rock music.

American poet and memoirist whose writing on identity, racism, resilience, and dignity became internationally influential.