Born on This Day: April 30

English queen whose joint reign after the Glorious Revolution helped establish constitutional monarchy.

German mathematician and scientist whose discoveries transformed number theory, statistics, astronomy, and physics.

Austro-Hungarian composer whose operettas became enduring works of European musical theater.

American writer and cultural figure whose memoirs and Paris household documented and supported modernist art and literature.

American actor whose distinctive comic performances influenced radio, film, and television comedy.

Dutch queen whose reign guided the Netherlands through postwar reconstruction and decolonization.

American singer and songwriter whose music, advocacy, and independent style transformed country music.

New Zealand filmmaker whose psychologically complex work expanded women’s authorship and artistic possibilities in cinema.