Born on This Day: October 16

American lexicographer whose dictionary and schoolbooks standardized American English and shaped national education.

Irish writer whose plays, fiction, and wit became enduring influences on literature, theater, and cultural criticism.

Israeli statesman who became the country’s first prime minister and helped establish its political institutions.

American playwright whose psychologically complex dramas transformed modern theater.

British-American actor whose stage, film, and television career influenced generations of performers.

German novelist whose fiction and public commentary confronted memory, war, and responsibility.

German singer and actor whose work with the Velvet Underground influenced alternative music and visual culture.

American actor and filmmaker whose performances and politically engaged work have influenced contemporary cinema.