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Explore the historical events that shaped our world on November 19th. From major milestones to cultural achievements, see what happened on this day in history. Dates for earlier events may be approximate.
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Sultan Malik Shah I, ruler of the Seljuk Empire, dies on November 19, 1092, likely from poisoning, while on a hunting trip. His death led to a period of instability and infighting within the empire, which significantly weakened the empire, contributing to the success of the First Crusade in 1098-1099.
The Seljuk Empire was a medieval Sunni Muslim state that emerged in the 11th century, controlling a vast territory across the Middle East, Anatolia, and Central Asia
Christopher Columbus arrives at the island of Puerto Rico during his second voyage to the Americas.
The English defeat the Spanish Armada at the Battle of Gravelines, marking a turning point in the Anglo-Spanish War.
French revolutionary Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne becomes Prime Minister, marking a phase of the French Revolution.
Jay's Treaty is signed between the United States and Great Britain, resolving disputes and avoiding war.
The U.S. Congress holds its first session in the partially completed Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.
President Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address during the ceremony to consecrate the grounds of what eventually became the Gettysburg National Cemetery. Four months earlier it had been the site the bloodiest battle of the Civil War.
More than 10,000 soldiers were killed or mortally wounded, 30,000 injured, and 10,000 captured or went missing at the battle which proved to be the turning point of the war; Gen. Robert E. Lee’s defeat and retreat marked the last Confederate invasion of northern territory. It also marked the beginning of the southern Army’s decline. President Lincoln's 271 words, two minute speech, become one of the most memorable speeches in American history as it served as a reminder to a war-weary public as to why the Union had to fight and win the Civil War.
Operation Uranus: Soviet Marshal Georgi Zhukov’s trap for the German Army at Stalingrad is ready and a devastating attack is unleashed. More
Egyptian President Anwar Sadat makes a historic visit to Israel during which he offered a peace plan to its parliament. It was the first visit of its kind by an Arab leader to Israel. At that time, the two countries were considered at war.
The visit was a major step toward the Camp David Accords, signed by President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin in September 1978, established a framework for a historic peace treaty concluded between Israel and Egypt in March 1979. Sadat, was assassinated during the annual victory parade held in Cairo On 6 October 1981. More
The Geneva Summit, the first meeting between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev begins. The two leaders met for two days to discuss the Cold War-era arms race, primarily the possibility of reducing the number of nuclear weapons. Hosted in Geneva, Switzerland, the meeting was the first American-Soviet summit in more than six years. More
