Circa 641 CE, September
Arab forces led by Caliph Umar conquer the city of Alexandria, Egypt, ending Byzantine control and marking a significant moment in the Arab conquests.
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What Happened in September?
Battles, deaths, and monumental religious moments. Explore significant events from September that helped shape the world. Dates for earlier events may be approximate.
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Charlemagne crowns his son Louis the Pious co-emperor on September 11, 813. Charlemagne died a year later and Louis the Pious succeeded him as the sole Holy Roman Emperor on January 28, 814.
Circa 848, September
Viking led by Asgeirsack raid the city of Bordeaux in present-day France around September, 848, highlighting their expansion and impact in Europe. The Vikings had began raiding the city as early as the 840s but this was a more significant and successful raid.
The Byzantine Empire defeats the Abbasid Caliphate at the Battle of Lalakaon. The or Battle of Poson or Porson
The Franks defeat the Viking forces around September 1, 891, at the Battle of Leuven in present-day Belgium.
Henry the Fowler, the Duke of Saxony, is elected as the first king of East Francia (Germany), initiating the Ottonian dynasty.
Simeon I of Bulgaria defeats the Byzantine Empire in the Battle of Achelous, leading to the recognition of Bulgaria as an independent state.
Circa 937 CE, September
The Battle of Brunanburh takes place in England, where King Athelstan of England secures a decisive victory against a coalition of forces led by Olaf Guthfrithson, King of Dublin; Constantine II, King of Scotland; and Owain, King of Strathclyde.
The Byzantine Empire defeats an army of the Emirate of Sicily at the Battle of Garigliano, solidifying Byzantine control over Southern Italy.
The Fatimid Caliphate captures the city of Cairo, establishing it as their new capital and the center of their empire. Their conquest shifted the center of power from Tunisia to Egypt and marked the beginning of a prosperous period for the region.
The Fatimid caliphate (909–1171 CE) was an Isma'ili Shi'a Muslim caliphate founded by rulers claiming descent from Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, They rules over North Africa including Egypt. The dynasty's reign was brought to an end by Saladin, who restored Sunnism to the region in 1171.
The Battle of Cedynia occurs between the forces of the Piast dynasty and the Holy Roman Empire, leading to the establishment of Poland as an independent state.
Emperor Otto I holds a synod in Quedlinburg, Germany, on September 11, 962 to solidify the succession of his son, Otto II, as co-emperor; confirming the earlier 967 coronation of Otto II and his marriage to the Byzantine princess Theophanu; ensurid the continuity of the Ottonian dynasty.
The Battle of Maldon takes place in England, where the Anglo-Saxons are defeated by Viking raiders.
Otto III, the Holy Roman Emperor, issues a document known as the "Privilege of Otto III," granting certain rights and privileges to the bishopric of Merseburg, Germany.
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Holy Roman Emperor Otto III travels to Rome at the request of Pope John XV for support against the Roman noble Crescentius II, who controlled much of Rome and had previously deposed Pope John XIV; but arrives in Rome after John XV had died in March 996.
Otto went on and installed his 23-year-old cousin, Bruno of Carinthia, as Pope Gregory V; the first German pope. Gregory V crowns Otto III as Holy Roman Emperor on May 21, 996. Following Otto’s departure, Crescentius II expelled Gregory V and installed Antipope John XVI. Otto returned in 998, executed Crescentius II, and restored Gregory V. In 999, Gregory V died and Otto III installed Sylvester II as the new pope. Otto III's actions throughout his life further strengthened imperial control over the Catholic Church.
Norway King Olaf I (Olaf Tryggvason), is killed in the Naval Battle of Svolder in the North Baltic Sea, near Rugen, Germany, against an alliance of the Kings of Denmark and Sweden and Olaf's enemies in Norway.
The Battle of Svolder is thought to be one of the most significant battles of the Viking Age, leading to the temporary downfall of Christianity in Norway. More
The Battle of Clontarf takes place near Dublin, Ireland, where the forces of Brian Boru, High King of Ireland, defeat the Viking forces of Dublin and their allies, although Brian Boru is killed in the battle. The battle marked the end of the large-scale Viking attempts to conquer Ireland and leading to the decline of Viking power on the island.
The Battle of Stamford Bridge takes place on September 25, 1066 in England, where King Harold II of England defeats an invading Norwegian army led by King Harald Hardrada, the Last Great Viking King Of Norway, securing his position before the Battle of Hastings.
Harald Hardrada (Harald III of Norway), known as the "last Viking" and claimant to the English throne, dies at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on September 25, 1066, after his defeat by the English army, stopping the Norwegian invasion and marking the end of the Viking Age.
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William the Conqueror invades England after seven months of preparation for his invasion force, crossing the Channel and landing unopposed on September 28, 1066 at Pevensey on the southeast coast of England with about 7,000 men (including 2,000-3,000 cavalry).
He quickly build fortifications at Hastings in preparation to fight the English army under the Anglo-Saxon King King Harold II (Harold Godwinson). The Battle of Hastings, fought on October 14, 1066, was a decisive win for William, marking the beginning of the Norman Conquest of England and leading to William's coronation on December 25, 1066. More