What Happened in September?

Arab forces led by Caliph Umar conquer the city of Alexandria, Egypt, ending Byzantine control and marking a significant moment in the Arab conquests.

Charlemagne crowns his son Louis the Pious co-emperor on September 11, 813. Charlemagne died a year later and Louis the Pious succeeded him as the sole Holy Roman Emperor on January 28, 814.

Viking led by Asgeirsack raid the city of Bordeaux in present-day France, highlighting their expansion and impact in Europe. The Vikings had began raiding the city as early as the 840s but this was a more significant and successful raid.

The Byzantine Empire defeats the Abbasid Caliphate at the Battle of Lalakaon. The or Battle of Poson or Porson

Henry the Fowler, the Duke of Saxony, is elected as the first king of East Francia (Germany), initiating the Ottonian dynasty.

Simeon I of Bulgaria defeats the Byzantine Empire in the Battle of Achelous, leading to the recognition of Bulgaria as an independent state.

The Battle of Brunanburh takes place in England, where King Athelstan of England secures a decisive victory against a coalition of forces led by Olaf Guthfrithson, King of Dublin; Constantine II, King of Scotland; and Owain, King of Strathclyde.

Otto I is crowned as the Holy Roman Emperor in Rome, marking the establishment of the Holy Roman Empire and the beginning of the Ottonian dynasty.

The Byzantine Empire defeats an army of the Emirate of Sicily at the Battle of Garigliano, solidifying Byzantine control over Southern Italy.

The Fatimid Caliphate captures the city of Cairo, establishing it as their new capital and the center of their empire. Their conquest shifted the center of power from Tunisia to Egypt and marked the beginning of a prosperous period for the region. Expand +

The Battle of Cedynia occurs between the forces of the Piast dynasty and the Holy Roman Empire, leading to the establishment of Poland as an independent state.

Emperor Otto I holds a synod in Quedlinburg, Germany, where he confirms the appointment of his son Otto II as co-emperor and heir.

The Battle of Maldon takes place in England, where the Anglo-Saxons are defeated by Viking raiders.

The Battle of Maldon occurs near the town of Essex, England, where an English force led by Earl Byrhtnoth is defeated by Viking raiders. The battle is immortalized in the old Anglo-Saxon poem "The battle of Maldon"

Holy Roman Emperor Otto III visits Rome and meets with Pope John XV, marking a significant moment of cooperation between the Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy.

Otto III, the Holy Roman Emperor, issues a document known as the "Privilege of Otto III," granting certain rights and privileges to the bishopric of Merseburg, Germany.

Norway King Olaf I (Olaf Tryggvason), is killed in the Naval Battle of Svolder in the North Baltic Sea, near Rugen, Germany, against an alliance of the Kings of Denmark and Sweden and Olaf's enemies in Norway.  Expand +

The Battle of Clontarf takes place near Dublin, Ireland, where the forces of Brian Boru, High King of Ireland, defeat the Viking forces of Dublin and their allies, although Brian Boru is killed in the battle. The battle marked the end of the large-scale Viking attempts to conquer Ireland and leading to the decline of Viking power on the island.

The Battle of Stamford Bridge takes place in England, where King Harold II of England defeats an invading Norwegian army led by King Harald Hardrada, the Last Great Viking King Of Norway, securing his position before the Battle of Hastings.

William the Conqueror invades England after seven months of preparation for his invasion force, landing unopposed at Pevensey with about 7,000 men (including 2,000-3,000 cavalry). He quickly build fortifications at Hastings in preparation to fight the English army under the Anglo-Saxon King King Harold II (Harold Godwinson) Expand +