Edmund of Woodstock, son of Edward I of England and younger half-brother to deposed King Edward II. is executed on March 19, 1330 at Winchester Castle by beheading on order of Ro ger Mortimer, the de facto ruler of England. The execution followed Edmund's prior involvement in a plot to restore the imprisoned Edward II to the throne.
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What Happened in March?
The first Olympic games, the founding of dynasties, and legendary battles. Explore historic milestones from March that influenced today's world. Dates for earlier events may be approximate.
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Edward of Woodstock, known as the "Black Prince", son of Edward III of England, is named Duke of Cornwall, the first Duke in England on March 17.1337.
The creation of the Duchy of Cornwall was created by King Edward III to provide his son with independent revenue but it also went on to establish a tradition where the title is held by the eldest son and heir of the reigning British monarch. In addition to Duke of Cornwall, he was created Earl of Chester (1333) and Prince of Wales (1343).
The Order of the Garter is founded by King Edward III of England.
Combat of the Thirty: Thirty Breton knights led by Robert Bemborough fight thirty English knights in Brittany.
The St. Scholastica Day riot in Oxford leads to a confrontation between students and townspeople, resulting in numerous deaths.
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King Henry of Trastámara becomes King Henry II (Enrique II) of Castile and Leon on March 23, 1369, after defeating and murdering his half-brother, King Peter, at the Battle of Campo de Montiel earlier that month on March 14.
.Following the battle, King Peter was lured into a trap and killed by Henry himself marking the definitive start of Henry's second and undisputed reign. Although Henry had previously been crowned in 1366 during a brief usurpation, his permanent reign as the first monarch of the House of Trastámara is officially dated from his1369 victory at the Battle of Campo de Montiel
King Robert II of Scotland is crowned, beginning the Stuart dynasty.
Pope Gregory XI dies on March 27, 1378, in Rome, just over a year after he had moved the papal court back to Rome from Avignon. His death was followed by the election of Pope Urban VI on April 8, 1378 but a subsequent dispute over the legitimacy of this election led to the Western Schism with the election of Clement VII on September 20, 1378 as a rival pope in Avignon by a majority of the cardinals seceding from Rome.
Siege of Falaise: English forces under Richard II fail to capture the town of Falaise in Normandy.
The Battle of Castagnaro is fought on March 11, 1387 during the War of the Venetian Succession. With the army of Padua, led by the English mercenary John Hawkwood—achieving a decisive victory over Verona. The crushing defeat and capture of key Verona commanders along with thousand of Verona soldiers led to the end of Verona's Scaliger dynasty's rule.
Treaty of Salynas: The Teutonic Order cedes Samogitia to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
King Charles VI of France announces the end of the Crusade against the Ottoman Empire.
Rebellion against Henry IV: Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr is proclaimed Prince of Wales.
Turko-Mongol leader Tamerlane defeats the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I at the Battle of Ankara.
Turko-Mongol leader Tamerlane defeats the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I at the Battle of Ankara.
Tamerlane captures the city of Damascus, strengthening his influence in the region.
The Battle of Shrewsbury in England takes place between King Henry IV and rebellious forces led by Henry Percy, known as Hotspur.
King Henry IV of England grants the bishopric of Dorpat (Tartu) in Livonia to Margrave William of Meissen.
Twelve-year-old, Prince James of Scotland is captured by English pirates off Flamborough Head. on March 22, 1406, while fleeing to France with a party led by his guardian Henry Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, who was also captured. James was handed over to King Henry IV of England, initiating an 18-year imprisonment.
The capture was believed to cause James’s father, King Robert III, to die soon after on April 4, 1406 with James becoming King James I at age 12, but remaining an English captive. Reportedly, he was well treated and educated while kept captive. During his capture, Scotland was ruled by Regents or Governors from the House of Stewart. First, his uncle, Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany, from 1406 to 1420, followed by Robert's son, Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany, who negotiated, James I's release. James was assassinated at Perth on February 21, 1437 in a failed coup by his uncle Walter Stewart, Earl of Athol. Queen Joan, although wounded, managed to scape and reached their son, who became King James II, in Edinburgh Castle.
A rebellion in England led by the Earl of Northumberland against King Henry IV begins.