Born on This Day: March 14

Austrian composer whose dances helped establish the Viennese waltz as an international musical form.

German physician and scientist whose work on immunity and targeted treatment helped found chemotherapy and modern immunology.

American railroad engineer whose death while attempting to save passengers became an enduring symbol in labor and folk culture.

German-born physicist whose theories of relativity transformed modern physics and understanding of space, time, and energy.

American bookseller and publisher whose Paris shop supported modernist writers and first published James Joyce’s Ulysses.

Japanese artist whose techniques and notation transformed origami into an internationally recognized art form.

American bandleader whose orchestra became a major force in swing and popular entertainment.

American composer, arranger, and producer whose work profoundly influenced jazz, film music, television, and popular recording.