Born on This Day: March 13

English chemist and theologian whose discovery of gases, including oxygen, transformed modern chemistry.

British prime minister whose government enacted the Reform Act of 1832 and expanded parliamentary representation.

American astronomer whose observatory and planetary studies advanced research that later contributed to Pluto’s discovery.

English novelist and critic whose historical and psychological fiction contributed to twentieth-century literary culture.

American journalist whose Paris reporting chronicled European politics, culture, and society for decades.

American publisher, diplomat, and philanthropist whose foundations supported education, communication, and the arts.

American singer and songwriter whose compositions became enduring works of twentieth-century popular music.

Nigerian-British novelist and poet whose work blends history, politics, spirituality, and magical realism.