Born on This Day: June 22

German scholar and statesman whose ideas about language and research universities shaped modern education.

Italian nationalist whose democratic activism helped inspire Italian unification and European republican movements.

German novelist whose antiwar fiction became an enduring testimony to the human costs of World War I.

American author and aviator whose writing on flight, family, and women’s lives reached generations of readers.

Austrian-American filmmaker whose writing and directing transformed comedy, film noir, and modern cinema.

American songwriter and actor whose literate compositions transformed country music and influenced popular songwriting.

American actor whose range and technique have had a profound influence on modern screen performance.

American singer and activist whose music, style, and advocacy have influenced popular culture and LGBTQ+ equality.