Born on This Day: July 8

French poet whose fables became enduring works of literature and moral storytelling.

American industrialist and philanthropist whose business practices reshaped the oil industry and whose foundations transformed medicine and education.

German artist whose prints and sculptures gave powerful expression to poverty, war, grief, and social justice.

American politician and philanthropist whose career influenced state government, national politics, and cultural institutions.

American singer and bandleader whose voice and ensembles helped shape modern jazz and popular singing.

Swiss-American psychiatrist whose work transformed public understanding of death, grief, and end-of-life care.

American actor and director whose performances have influenced contemporary film and character acting.

American actor whose wide-ranging screen career has had a lasting influence on popular cinema.