Born on This Day: July 11

Scottish king whose military and political leadership secured Scotland’s independence.

American president and diplomat whose later congressional career included a sustained fight against slavery and restrictions on debate.

American writer whose essays, children’s books, and style guide influenced generations of readers and writers.

Russian-born actor whose stage and film performances became enduring landmarks of twentieth-century entertainment.

American literary critic whose interpretations and debates about the canon influenced modern literary studies.

American actor and singer whose career and later memoir contributed to discussions of Hollywood and sexuality.

Italian designer whose understated tailoring transformed international fashion and modern professional dress.

American author whose fiction on migration, language, and belonging has influenced contemporary literature.