The first documented recorded observation of a transit of Venus across the Sun is made by the English astronomer Jeremiah Horrocks from his home at Carr House in Much Hoole, near Preston in England on December 4, 1639
His meticulous calculations of the timing of the transit and those of his friend William Crabtree, who made his own observation from Broughton were the first to be recorded, and Horrocks' work helped to correct earlier astronomical tables and helped to refine the understanding of the solar parallax and the distance between the Earth and the Sun. His work was later published by Johannes Hevelius in the treatise Venus in sole visa.
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