Pope Alexander III issues a papal bull recognizing Portugal as an independent kingdom. While Afonso Henriques had been using the title of king since 1139 and Portugal's independence had been recognized by León in the 1143 Treaty of Zamora, the papal bull was vital in medieval Europe, for a new kingdom to be fully accepted as a sovereign entity. The bull also gave papal blessing to Portugal's conquests of land from the Moors during the Reconquista.
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