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Old clock in sand with the words: It Happend in July

Browse Historical Events by Month: What Happened in July?

Natural disasters, battles, and rulers being crowned. Discover the significant events and milestones from July throughout history. Dates for earlier events may be approximate.

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356 BCE, July 20

Alexander III (Alexander the Great) was born in Pella, the capital of the Kingdom of Macedonia, on the sixth day of the ancient Greek month of Hekatombaion, which probably corresponds to July 20, 356 BC (although the exact date is uncertain).

48 BCE, July 2

The Battle of Dyrrhachium, is fought during the Roman Civil War. It was a significant engagement between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great. While Pompey ultimately won the battle, it was a strategic victory for Caesar as he managed to withdraw his forces and later decisively defeat Pompey at the Battle of Pharsalus.

64 CE, July 18

The Great Fire of Rome begins during the reign of Emperor Nero, lasting for several days and resulting in significant destruction.

365 CE, July 21

Crete earthquake - An estimated 8.5 magnitude underseas earthquake and resulting Tsunami causes widespread destruction in central and southern Macedonia (Modern Greece), Africa northern Libya, Egypt, where the city of Alexandria was severely damaged, Cyprus, Sicily and Hispania (Spain). On Crete, nearly all towns were destroyed. More

711 CE, July 19

The Umayyad conquest of Hispania begins as Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad land at Gibraltar. the Islamic Arabs and Moors of Berber descent in northern Africa crossed the Strait of Gibraltar onto the Iberian Peninsula, and in a series of raids they conquered Visigothic Christian Hispania.

756 CE, July 28

The Papal States are established as Pepin the Short, King of the Franks, donates land to Pope Stephen II, creating a temporal domain for the papacy.

939 CE, July 19

The Battle of Simancas, (also called Alhandega or al-Khandaq) begins between the Kingdom of León and the Caliphate of Córdoba. The battle lasted some days, with the allied Christian troops emerging victorious and routing the Cordovan forces; resulting in a victory for León and the decline of the Caliphate's power in the region. ibn Muhammad al-Tawil, wali of Huesca, withheld his troops from the battle. He was hunted down near Calatayud by Salama ibn Ahmad ibn Salama, taken to Córdoba, and crucified in front of its Al-Qasr.

987 CE, July 3

Hugh Capet is crowned as the King of the Franks (approximate date), ending the almost three century rule of the Carolingian dynasty and marking the beginning of the Capetian dynasty and the consolidation of power in France, laying the foundation for the for the French nation-state. Hugh Capet was the first of a direct line of 14 Capetian kings who ruled France until 1328. The dynasty came to an end with the death of Charles IV without a male heir in 1328. More

1002 CE, July 23

The Holy Roman Emperor Otto III dies in his palace in Paterno, Italy, at the age of 21.

1009 CE, July 15

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem is destroyed by Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah.

1027 CE, July 6

Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as the Holy Roman Emperor in Rome. 

1054 CE, July 16

The Great Schism occurs: Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople (now called Istanbul) was excommunicated from the Christian church based in Rome, Italy. The resulting split divided the European Christian church into two major branches: the Western Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.

1060 CE, July 22

Henry I of France is crowned King of France in Reims.

1099 CE, July 15

The First Crusaders launch an assault on Jerusalem, ultimately leading to the capture of the city and the establishment of the Crusader states.

1100 CE, July 31

King William II of England, also known as William Rufus, is killed in a hunting accident in the New Forest. Some believe that his brother Henry plotted his death since shortly after his brother William's death, he rushed to be crowned king before anyone could contest him. Also, Walter Tirel, the person that killed King William, fled to France following the incident, which over time has been viewed as an admission of guilt. Yet hunting was not a particularly safe at the time with frequent hunting accidents some of which were  fatal. More

1139 CE, July 25

The Battle of Ourique takes place, where Afonso Henriques defeats the Almoravids and establishes the Kingdom of Portugal. More

1203 CE, July 17

The Siege of Constantinople begins during the Fourth Crusade as Roman Catholic Crusaders, aboard a Venetian fleet, attack the city resulting in the Sack of Constantinople and the installation of Prince Alexius Angelus on the Byzantine throne. More

1209 CE, July 22

The Massacre at Béziers takes place during the Albigensian Crusade, with Crusaders led by Simon de Montfort sacking the city and killing thousands.

1223 CE, July 14

Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II. His coronation took place on 6 August of the same year, in the cathedral at Reims. Louis VIII, nicknamed The Lion, was King of France from 1223 to 1226. More

1230 CE, July 29

The Treaty of San Germano is signed between Emperor Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX, ending the Papal-Imperial conflict.

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