Today in History - September 13
Curious about what happened today in history? Discover highlights from September 13th, including important events and defining moments from around the world.
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Interesting Facts • Thoughts • Ideas
Curious about what happened today in history? Discover highlights from September 13th, including important events and defining moments from around the world.
Why Every Hobby Matters | Kudos365 Life Series
A hobby does not have to be impressive, productive, profitable, or even particularly useful. It only needs to be something we enjoy doing. That simple idea can be surprisingly easy to forget. Much of everyday life is organized around things that need to be accomplished. We work, maintain our homes, manage appointments, answer messages, pay bills, care for other people, and attend to a seemingly endless collection of small responsibilities. Even our free time can begin to feel scheduled and purposeful.
A hobby occupies a different kind of space. Whether someone enjoys gardening, woodworking, painting, photography, knitting, collecting, cooking, birdwatching, playing an instrument, restoring old furniture, solving puzzles, studying family history, or simply experimenting with something new, a hobby gives us permission to spend time on an activity primarily because we find it interesting.That may be one of the best reasons to have one.
Doing Something Because We Want To
Adults spend much of their lives doing things because there is a reason they must be done. Hobbies remind us that not everything requires an obligation or measurable outcome.
Consider someone who spends an afternoon building a model airplane. There may be no practical need for the finished model. Another person might spend months learning to identify local birds, even though knowing the difference between two similar species will never appear on a résumé. Someone else may grow tomatoes despite knowing perfectly well that tomatoes are readily available at the grocery store.
The value is in the experience itself.
Hobbies create a small territory in life where curiosity can determine what happens next. We can follow an interest simply because it catches our attention. We can spend an hour doing something without needing to explain why the hour was worthwhile. In a culture that frequently emphasizes efficiency, that freedom has value of its own.
Being a Beginner Again
One of the pleasures of a hobby is that it allows us to be inexperienced. As adults, we often become accustomed to operating within areas where we already know what we are doing. Beginning something new reverses that. The first loaf of bread may be oddly shaped. The first drawing may bear little resemblance to the subject. The first attempt at playing a song may involve considerably more enthusiasm than melody. That is part of the experience.
A hobby gives us a relatively forgiving place to learn through trial and error. We discover that improvement usually comes gradually. We make mistakes, adjust, try again, and occasionally surprise ourselves.
There is something refreshing about becoming a novice voluntarily.
It also keeps curiosity active. Once we begin exploring almost any subject, it tends to reveal more depth than we expected. Gardening can lead to an interest in soil, weather, insects, native plants, and seasonal cycles. Photography can change the way we notice light, architecture, expressions, and landscapes. Cooking can open doors to geography, history, family traditions, and unfamiliar cultures.
The hobby may begin with a simple activity and gradually become a doorway into a much larger world.
Progress Without Pressure
Hobbies also give us an opportunity to experience progress on our own terms.
There is satisfaction in realizing that something once difficult has become easier. A person learning guitar eventually changes chords without thinking about every finger. A gardener begins recognizing what different plants need. Someone learning another language suddenly understands a sentence that would once have been incomprehensible.
These are small accomplishments, but they belong entirely to the person pursuing them. There does not have to be a competition. There may be no deadline and no performance review. Nobody has to assign a grade. The pace can be our own.
That matters because hobbies do not need to become another source of pressure. The person who enjoys taking photographs does not have to become a professional photographer. Someone who loves baking does not need to open a bakery. A runner does not have to enter a race, and a person who enjoys writing does not have to publish a book.
Sometimes an activity becomes less enjoyable when we begin asking it to justify itself through achievement. A hobby can simply remain a hobby.
Making Room for Attention
Many hobbies require us to pay attention to what is directly in front of us. A puzzle asks us to examine patterns. Woodworking requires attention to measurements and materials. Gardening brings our focus to plants, soil, and weather. Painting asks us to notice shape and color. Cooking directs attention toward ingredients, timing, texture, and taste.
For a while, the wider collection of unfinished tasks and distractions moves into the background. This does not mean that hobbies make problems disappear. They simply give our attention somewhere constructive and enjoyable to go.
That distinction is important. A good hobby does not necessarily require us to escape everyday life. Often it helps us engage more fully with a particular part of it.
Someone walking through a neighborhood with a camera may begin noticing architectural details passed hundreds of times before. A person interested in birds may suddenly become aware of how many species visit an ordinary backyard. Someone studying local history may discover that familiar streets have stories stretching back generations.
Interests can make ordinary surroundings more interesting because they teach us what to notice.
Hobbies Can Connect Us
Although hobbies can be wonderfully solitary, they can also create natural connections between people.
Shared interests give strangers something immediate to talk about. Gardeners exchange plants and advice. Readers recommend books. Amateur musicians play together. Collectors trade information. Cooks exchange recipes. People interested in genealogy compare research methods and discoveries.
The conversation begins with the activity, but it does not always stay there. Hobbies can also connect generations. A grandparent teaching a child to fish, sew, bake, garden, repair something, or play a card game is sharing more than a pastime. Knowledge, stories, habits, and traditions often travel alongside the activity.
Sometimes a hobby becomes part of a family's history precisely because someone took the time to pass it along. Other hobbies create communities among people who might otherwise have little reason to meet. A neighborhood walking group, community garden, book club, amateur theater company, woodworking group, photography club, or volunteer historical society can bring together people of different ages and backgrounds around a common interest.
The hobby provides the introduction. Friendship may follow.
The Hobby You Already Have Counts
It is easy to imagine that a "real" hobby must involve equipment, lessons, collections, or some recognizable skill. That definition is unnecessarily narrow. Reading can be a hobby. Walking can be a hobby. Watching classic films, learning about history, listening carefully to music, doing crossword puzzles, caring for houseplants, exploring new recipes, visiting museums, identifying stars, or keeping a journal can all qualify.
A hobby is not defined by how other people regard it. Nor does it have to last forever.
Interests change. The hobby that fascinated us at thirty may no longer interest us at sixty. Something abandoned years ago may unexpectedly become appealing again. We may have several hobbies at once or move from one to another as circumstances change. There is no requirement to remain loyal to an activity simply because we once enjoyed it.
Hobbies should have room to evolve along with us.
Finding One Without Turning It Into a Project
People sometimes say they would like a hobby but do not know what to choose. The search itself can become unnecessarily complicated. A useful starting point is simply to notice what repeatedly attracts your attention.
What subjects do you find yourself reading about? What activities did you enjoy years ago? What have you occasionally thought, "I'd like to try that someday"? What do other people do that makes you curious rather than merely impressed?
Then try something on a small scale. Borrow a book. Plant a few herbs instead of creating an entire garden. Take a walk with the intention of photographing five interesting things. Learn three chords rather than deciding to "learn guitar." Try one watercolor. Build one birdhouse. Cook one unfamiliar dish.
The goal is not to select the perfect lifelong hobby. It is to give curiosity somewhere to go. If the activity is enjoyable, continue. If it is not, try something else. Very little has been lost, and something has been learned.
Protecting the Pleasure of It
Perhaps the most important thing about a hobby is remembering why we started.Modern life makes it remarkably easy to compare ourselves with people who have been practicing an activity for years. Someone begins painting and immediately sees extraordinary paintings online. A new gardener encounters photographs of immaculate gardens. A beginning woodworker watches experts construct beautiful furniture.
Inspiration can quickly turn into comparison. But another person's skill does not diminish the pleasure available to a beginner.
The crooked birdhouse can still shelter a bird. The imperfect photograph can preserve a wonderful afternoon. The homegrown tomato does not care whether the garden belongs in a magazine. The song played haltingly on a piano can still be satisfying to the person who finally learned it.
Hobbies give us something increasingly rare: an activity whose value can be determined by the person doing it. We do not need to be the best at everything we enjoy. We do not even need to be particularly good at it.
A hobby matters because it gives part of our life back to curiosity, attention, creativity, learning, and simple enjoyment. It can introduce us to new people, deepen our appreciation of familiar places, teach us skills we never expected to acquire, or provide a quiet hour in which there is nothing more important than the thing directly in front of us.
And sometimes that is enough.
Publication Notice: This Life Series article is for general information and inspiration only. Readers should use their own judgment and consult an appropriate qualified professional when guidance specific to their circumstances is needed.
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NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day:
Bright sunlight glints as long dark shadows mark this image of the surface of the Moon. It was taken on July 20, 1969, by Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong, the first to walk on the lunar surface. Pictured is the mission's lunar module, the Eagle, and spacesuited lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin. Aldrin is unfurling a long sheet of foil also known as the Solar Wind Composition Experiment. Exposed facing the Sun, the foil trapped particles streaming outward in the solar wind, catching a sample of material from the Sun itself. Along with 22 kilograms of moon rocks and lunar soil samples, the solar wind collector was returned for analysis in earthbound laboratories. APOD's main NASA site is moving: From apod.nasa.gov to science.nasa.gov/apod
Ruins of the St. Olof Church at Sigtuna, north of Stockholm, Sweden
Arild Vågen, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. View source.
Welcome to Kudos365 Weekly History Challenge. Test your history knowledge and see how many of the history questions you can answer correctly. A new updated History Challenge is released every Saturday.
Margaret Thatcher
Great Wall of China
Wall Street Crash of 1929
Sally Ride
Photo taken near Oxford, United Kingdom. By James Wainscoat on Unsplash
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day:
Beautiful and bright spiral galaxy M83 lies some twelve million light-years away, near the southeastern tip of the very long constellation Hydra. Prominent spiral arms traced by dark dust lanes and blue star clusters lend this galaxy its popular name, the Southern Pinwheel. Still, reddish star forming regions that dot this cosmic pinwheel's spiral arms have suggested another nickname, the Thousand-Ruby Galaxy. A mere 40,000 light-years across, smaller than the Milky Way, M83 is a member of a group of galaxies that includes active galaxy Centaurus A. In fact, the core of M83 itself is bright at x-ray energies, showing a high concentration of neutron stars and black holes left from an intense burst of star formation. This sharp, groundbased telescopic view also features foreground Milky Way stars and distant background galaxies. APOD's main NASA site is moving: From apod.nasa.gov to science.nasa.gov/apod
Photo by Aldo Zanetti
Cape Burhan with Shamanka Rock. The rock formation is made of white marble, dolomite, limestone, with inclusions of garnet, quartz and graphite. Olkhon Island, Lake Baikal, Russia.
Vyacheslav Argenberg, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. View source.
Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879, - April 18, 1955). Biography
THE SEPTEMBER 11 2001 ATTACKS | Kudos365 Historical series
Historical Background
During the 1990s, al-Qaeda developed into an international terrorist organization under Osama bin Laden. Its leadership opposed the presence of American forces in the Middle East, United States support for regional governments and Israel, and other aspects of American foreign policy. Al-Qaeda used an extremist interpretation of Islam to justify violence against civilians, a position rejected by the overwhelming majority of Muslims.
The organization carried out or supported several attacks against American targets, including the 1998 bombings of the United States embassies in Kenya and Tanzania and the 2000 bombing of the USS Cole in Yemen. Its leaders operated from Afghanistan under the protection of the Taliban government.
The plan that became the September 11 operation was developed over several years. Participants traveled internationally, obtained flight training, transferred money, and entered the United States. American agencies possessed fragments of information about al-Qaeda and some future hijackers, but institutional barriers and failures of coordination prevented officials from assembling them into a clear warning.
Causes and Setting
The attacks arose from al-Qaeda’s campaign to provoke and weaken the United States while expanding its own influence. Its leaders believed that a spectacular attack would demonstrate American vulnerability, inspire additional followers, and draw the United States into costly conflicts abroad.
Commercial aviation offered the terrorists a way to turn familiar civilian technology into a weapon. The selected flights departed from Boston, Newark, and the Washington area on transcontinental routes and therefore carried substantial quantities of fuel.
The World Trade Center represented American economic power. The Pentagon represented its military establishment. The intended target of the fourth aircraft was never established with certainty, although investigators concluded that it was probably the United States Capitol or the White House.
Major Developments
On the morning of September 11, 2001, nineteen al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four passenger airplanes.
At 8:46 a.m., American Airlines Flight 11 struck floors 93 through 99 of the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The impact damaged the building’s structure, blocked escape routes above the affected floors, and ignited large fires.
At 9:03 a.m., United Airlines Flight 175 struck the South Tower. Television cameras were already focused on the World Trade Center, allowing millions of people to witness the second impact. What had initially appeared to be a terrible accident was now clearly a coordinated attack.
At 9:37 a.m., American Airlines Flight 77 struck the western side of the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. Everyone aboard the airplane was killed, together with 125 military and civilian personnel inside the building.
Passengers and crew members aboard United Airlines Flight 93 learned through telephone calls that other hijacked aircraft had struck buildings. Recognizing that their airplane was probably intended for another attack, they attempted to overpower the hijackers. Flight 93 crashed near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, at 10:03 a.m., before reaching Washington.
In New York, fires weakened the damaged towers. The South Tower collapsed at 9:59 a.m., followed by the North Tower at 10:28 a.m. Their collapse devastated the World Trade Center complex, damaged nearby buildings, and sent immense clouds of dust and debris across Lower Manhattan.
Emergency personnel entered the towers while thousands of occupants were evacuating. Firefighters, police officers, medical workers, Port Authority personnel, building employees, and civilians helped people reach safety. Hundreds of responders died when the towers collapsed.
The attacks killed 2,977 people, excluding the nineteen hijackers. The victims included citizens of more than 90 countries, passengers and airline employees, office and restaurant workers, visitors, military and civilian Pentagon personnel, and emergency responders.
Outcome
Rescue operations began immediately at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and the Flight 93 crash site. At Ground Zero, the effort gradually became a prolonged recovery, debris-removal, identification, and investigative operation. Formal recovery work continued until May 30, 2002.
Dust and smoke exposed responders, workers, survivors, students, and Lower Manhattan residents to hazardous substances. In subsequent years, many developed cancers, respiratory diseases, and other conditions associated with that exposure. Federal programs were eventually established to provide medical monitoring, treatment, and compensation.
The United States identified al-Qaeda as responsible and demanded that the Taliban surrender its leaders and close its training camps. In October 2001, American and allied forces began military operations in Afghanistan. The Taliban government quickly fell, but the resulting war continued for nearly twenty years.
Within the United States, airport security, intelligence operations, border controls, and emergency planning changed substantially. Congress enacted the USA PATRIOT Act, created the Department of Homeland Security, and established the Transportation Security Administration. Later reforms created the position of Director of National Intelligence and the National Counterterrorism Center.
These measures sought to prevent another attack but also generated lasting debate over surveillance, privacy, civil liberties, executive authority, and the proper limits of government power.
The attacks initially produced widespread unity and international sympathy. They also contributed to harassment, discrimination, and violence against Muslim Americans, Arab Americans, South Asian Americans, Sikhs, and others unfairly associated with the terrorists.
Historical Significance
The September 11 attacks marked a major turning point in modern American history. They demonstrated that a relatively small transnational organization could exploit civilian systems to inflict catastrophic damage and influence the policies of powerful nations.
The attacks redirected American foreign policy toward counterterrorism and prolonged military involvement overseas. They transformed aviation security, intelligence coordination, emergency preparedness, and the public’s understanding of national vulnerability. Their health effects also demonstrated that the human cost of a disaster may continue long after its most visible destruction has ended.
Memorials in New York, at the Pentagon, and near Shanksville preserve the names and experiences of those who died. They also recognize the passengers who resisted the hijackers, the responders who entered dangerous buildings, the civilians who helped one another escape, and the workers who remained at the affected sites during recovery.
Remembering September 11 requires both commemoration and careful historical examination: honoring those who were lost while considering how fear, grief, courage, and political choices shaped the years that followed.
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