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John Ruskin (1819 – 1900) Prominent English social thinker and philanthropist. Art critic as well as an art patron, and water-colorist. He wrote on many subjects including geology, ornithology, architecture and botany.
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche - (1844 -1900) German philosopher, cultural critic, composer, poet, philologist, and a Latin and Greek scholar. Biography
Politics without principle, pleasure without commitment, Wealth without work, Wisdom without character, business without morality, Science without humanity and Prayer without charity.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869- 1948) | Kudos365 Biography Series
Common Name: Mahatma Gandhi Born: October 2, 1869 – Porbandar, Kathiawar Agency, British India (present-day Gujarat, India)Died: January 30, 1948 (aged 78) – New Delhi, India
OverviewMahatma Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, political leader,and social reformer who led India's movement for independence from British rule through the philosophy of nonviolent resistance (Satyagraha). His leadership influenced civil rights and freedom movements around the world and established nonviolent civil disobedience as a powerful tool for political and social change.
Early Life
Gandhi was born into a Hindu family in Porbandar, Gujarat. He studied law in London and was admitted to the bar before beginning legal work in South Africa. There, he experienced racial discrimination firsthand, which became a turning point in shaping his philosophy of justice, equality, and peaceful resistance.
Rise to Leadership
Returning to India in 1915, Gandhi became a leading figure in the Indian independence movement. He emphasized:
Nonviolent civil disobediencePeaceful protestSelf-reliance (Swadeshi)Religious toleranceRural developmentSocial reform, including opposition to untouchabilityHis leadership united millions of Indians in campaigns challenging British colonial rule.
Major Events and Campaigns
Champaran Satyagraha (1917) - Successfully supported indigo farmers against exploitative agricultural practices.Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922) - Encouraged Indians to boycott British institutions, schools, courts, and imported goods.
Salt March (1930) - Led a 240-mile march to the Arabian Sea to protest the British salt tax, becoming one of the defining acts of nonviolent resistance in history.
Quit India Movement (1942) - Called for an end to British rule during World War II. Gandhi and many leaders were imprisoned, but the movement intensified demands for independence.
Philosophy
Gandhi believed that lasting political change required ethical conduct and personal responsibility. His principles centered on:Satyagraha (truth-force)Ahimsa (nonviolence)TruthSimplicitySelf-disciplineService to othersMoral leadership through personal example.
Independence and Partition
India gained independence on August 15, 1947. Gandhi celebrated independence but was deeply saddened by the accompanying partition of British India into India and Pakistan, which led to widespread communal violence. He spent much of his final months promoting peace and reconciliation.
Assassination
On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was assassinated in New Delhi by Nathuram Godse while on his way to a prayer meeting. His death prompted national mourning and widespread international tributes.
Legacy
Gandhi remains one of the most influential advocates of nonviolent resistance in modern history. His ideas inspired numerous leaders and movements, including: Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, César ChávezHis birthday, October 2, is observed as the International Day of Non-Violence by the United Nations.
Timeline
1869: Born in Porbandar1888: Traveled to London to study law1893: Moved to South Africa1915: Returned to India1917: Champaran Satyagraha1920: Non-Cooperation Movement1930: Salt March1942: Quit India Movement1947: India achieved independence1948: Assassinated in New DelhiLastingSignificance
Mahatma Gandhi demonstrated that disciplined, organized, nonviolent action could challenge powerful institutions and inspire lasting political and social change. His philosophy continues to influence movements for civil rights, democracy, justice, and peaceful conflict resolution across the world.
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James A. Michener - (February 3, 1907 - October 16, 1997) American writer who wrote more than 40 books. The majority of his books depicted generational family sagas. The list of Michener's books includes Hawaii, Return to Paradise and his first book, Tales of the South Pacific for which he won the 1948 Pulitzer Prize.
Jorge Luis Borges (1899 – 1986) Argentine short-story writer, essayist and poet. He was a key figure in Spanish language and universal literature. Biography
Mahatma Gandhi - (October 2, 1869 - January 30, 1948); Indian political leader, social reformer, and advocate of nonviolent resistance. Biography
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