Forces loyal to Owain Glyndŵr of Wales defeat the English at the battle of Bryn Glas, on June, 22 June 1402, at Pumlumon in Powys.
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What Happened in June?
Deaths, raids, and battles. Examine landmark historical events that took place in June. Dates for earlier events may be approximate.
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The Council of Pisa elects Alexander V as the new pope on June 26,1409 further deepening the Western Schism, since the two existing popes refused to abdicate resulting in three competing claims to the papacy, further weakening the authority of the Church.
The Western Schism was not resolved until the Council of Constance in 1417, which deposed the three claimants and elected Martin V, finally reuniting the papacy.
The Battle of San Romano takes place between the Republic of Florence, led by Niccolò da Tolentino, and the Republic of Siena, under Francesco Piccinino. It took place near San Romano, a town approximately 30 miles outside Florence, Italy. The battle lasted for several hours and is generally considered a Florentine victory. The battle was part of a broader conflict in the 1430s involving Florence, its rival Lucca, and allies Siena and Milan.
The Battle of Anghiari occurs on June 29, 1440, in the Tiber Valley, between the Milanese and the Florentine troops.ending in a decisive victory for the Republic of Florence, leading to consolidation of their power in central Italy.
Alfonso V of Aragon formally conquers Naples on June 2, 1442, from the Angevins; establishing Aragonese rule in southern Italy and reunifying the kingdoms of Sicily and Naples under one crown.
Charles VII's French armies successfully capture Bordeaux and most of Gascony from the English on June 30, 1451 a major blow to English holdings in France making it seem to bring an end to the protracted Hundred Years' War.
However the English, led by John Talbot (Earl of Shrewsbury) recaptures Bordeaux in late 1452 prompting a final French offensive that culminated in the decisive French victory at the Battle of Castillon on July 17, 1453, which finally secured Gascony for France and marked the end of English territorial claims in the region.
The University of Copenhagen is founded in Denmark on June 1, 1479. It is the country's oldest university, making it one of Northern Europe's oldest institutions of higher learning.
The University of Copenhagen is officially inaugurated in Denmark on June 1, 1479 at a ceremony in the Church of Our Lady. The University opened with the traditional medieval faculties of theology, law, medicine and philosophy. It is Denmark's oldest university and a leading research institution.
Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas on June 7, 1494, dividing the New World into Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence; establishing a new demarcation line between the two crowns, running from pole to pole, 370 leagues to the west of the Cape Verde islands.
The treaty amended papal bulls issued by Pope Alexander VI in 1493. These declarations had granted Spain an exclusive claim to the entirety of North and South America. More The New treaty granted Spain rights to lands to the west and Portugal to the east, an agreement that would later result in Portugal claiming Brazil.
Map by Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons (1622)
Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) lands in North America, possibly in Newfoundland. Labrador, or Cape Breton Island. Commissioned by England's King Henry VII to find a westward route to Asia, his voyage was the first European one to North America since the Vikings and help establish an early English claim to the continent. Cabot had set sail from Bristol, England, on one ship, the Matthew, and made landfall on June 24, 1497.
Cabot made a second trip in 1498, from which he and his ships disappeared, but his explorations laid the groundwork for future English settlements in the area.
Italian explorer John Cabot, (Giovanni Caboto) sailing the Matthew under the English flag and seeking a route to Asia (China) for Henry VII, reaches the coast of what is now Canada. Claiming it for England although he believed it to be Asia.
He likely landed in Newfoundland or Labrador, his voyage established England's first major claim in North America and rekindled England's interest in the New World.
Cesare Borgia captures, a very unprepared city of Urbino, on June 20, 1502 through deception and a lightning march, without a shot being fired. Cesare was subsequently named the Duke of Urbino. His swift victory was one of many "clever tactics" that famously inspired Niccolò Machiavelli.
The attack was a total surprise to Urbino. Cesare Borgia had requested permission from Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, the Duke of Urbino, to cross through Urbino's territory with his troops. He received the Duke's permission and went ahead with his surprise attack when he Duke was away.
Circa 1503, June
Leonardo da Vinci is commissioned to paint the Mona Lisa by Francesco del Giocondo a wealthy Florentine merchant who wanted a portrait of his wife Lisa Gherardini,, for the couple's home. Leonardo began work on the portrait in the same year and continued to refine it until his death in 1519.
Michelangelo's David, the renowned marble sculpture is believed to have been temporarily installed next to the entrance to the Palazzo della Signoria, where it was placed on a wooden platform replacing Donatello's bronze sculpture of Judith and Holofernes. While the installation at the piazza occurred on this date, the statue was "unveiled" to the public and fully revealed on September 8, 1504.
The work, was originally commissioned in 1501 by the Opera del Duomo (the Overseers of the Office of Works of the Florence Cathedral) when Michelangelo was only 26 years old, It is considered to be one of the great works of art of the Renaissance. Michelangelo sculpted the statue from a single block of Carrara marble which had remained neglected for 25 years because of the presence of too many imperfections. The colossal statue stands at 17 feet (5.17 meters) tall. In 1873, it was removed from the piazza to protect it from damage, and was moved to the Accademia Gallery. The statue was not placed in its permanent setting in the Accademia until 1882. A replica was placed in the Piazza della Signoria in 1910. More
Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci arrives back in Lisbon c. June 12, 1504 after his final verifiable voyage to the New World for the Portugese crown where he explored the East coast of South America. Upon his return, Vespucci declared that the lands explored were not Asia, but a distinct Mundus Novus (New World).
From Portugal, Amerigo Vespucci returned to Spain, where King Ferdinand appointed him Piloto Mayor (Pilot Major) of Spain. He continued to live in Spain and work for the Spanish government until his death in Seville on February 22, 1512. Vespucci's accounts from his travels inspired German cartographer (mapmaker) Martin Waldseemüller to label the continent "America" (feminine form of the Italian name Amerigo) in 1507. There are contested theories of two more voyages in 1505 and 1507. If so, they were conducted for the Spanish crown.
English King, Henry VIII weds his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. In 1527 Pope Clement VII, refused to annul the marriage which led to Henry's break with the Catholic Church and the establishment of the Church of England.
Henry VIII was crowned at Westminster Abbey when he was 18 years old. It was a grand affair that included a procession from the Tower of London.
Charles I of Spain, crowned Holy Roman Emperor, becomes Charles V. Becoming one of the most powerful European rulers of all times. he reign over territories in Europe and the Americas. His goal as Holy Roman Emperor was to unite Europe, but instead, his reign was filled with war and conflict. More
Pope Leo X issues the bull Exsurge Domine (“Arise O Lord”) in response to the teachings of Martin Luther which opposed the views of the Catholic Church; giving Luther 60 days to recant.
Luther refused and continued to rebuke the papacy. As a result, Luther was excommunicated on Jan 3, 1521. More
The Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés forces fight their way out of Tenochtitlan suffering severe loses as the Aztecs revolt against their rule. Many Spanish soldiers drowned in Lake Texcoco. The exit is known as the "Noche Triste" or “the Night of Sadness".