The Parliament of Ireland meets at Castledermot in County Kildare, the first Irish parliament on record.
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What Happened in June?
Deaths, raids, and battles. Examine landmark historical events that took place in June. Dates for earlier events may be approximate.
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The Treaty of Rheinfelden is signed, ending the conflict between the House of Habsburg and the Swiss Confederation. It formalized the succession of the Duchies of Austria and Styria to Albert I, King of the Romans, and removed his younger brother, Rudolf II, as co-ruler. This treaty established a form of primogeniture within the Habsburg dynasty. More
Circa 1300. June
Ottoman Turks led by Osman I begin the Ottoman Empire's expansion from their base in Anatolia. Under Osman and his successors, the Ottomans gradually conquered neighboring territories, starting with the Byzantine lands in western Anatolia and later expanding into the Balkans and beyond.
This initial expansion was facilitated by the decline of the Byzantine Empire's frontier defenses and a growing number of people seeking new opportunities. Osman and his followers engaged in military campaigns, raids, and diplomacy to expand their territory.
1300, Circa June
Dante Alighieri becomes one of the six priors of Florence, Italy.
Pope Clement V succeeds Pope Benedict XI, becoming the 195th pope. His election came following an eleven-month conclave after the death of Pope Benedict XI.
His election took place in Perugia after a lengthy delay caused by disputes between French and Italian factions within the cardinals and was heavily influenced by the French King Phillip IV.
Emperor Henry VII is crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome on June 29, 1312, by cardinals appointed by Pope Clement V, as Clement was in Avignon and influenced by French politics. The coronation was a tumultuous event amidst the conflict between the factions supporting the pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman emperor (Ghibelline) in the city.
This event marked a high point of Henry's campaign to assert imperial power in Italy. He died in 1313 while campaigning against Naples.
The Battle of Bannockburn begins on June 23, 1314, between the army of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots, and the army of King Edward II of England in the First War of Scottish Independence. It was a decisive engagement in Scottish history whereby the Scots defeated the English, regained their independence and established Robert the Bruce as Robert I
It was a major turning point in the war, which ended 14 years later with the de jure restoration of Scottish independence under the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton, signed on March 17, 1328, and ratified by the English Parliament on May 1. Under the treaty, England formally acknowledged the Kingdom of Scotland as fully independent canceling all prior feudal claims and obligations imposed by English monarchs. More
Louis X of France dies, while his wife, Queen Clémence, is pregnant at the time of his death. His newborn son, John I, died shortly after birth, and then Louis's brother, Philip, claimed the throne, arguing that a woman could not inherit the crown setting a precedent for the Salic Law, which prevented women from inheriting the French throne for centuries to come.
Emperor Frederick III of Sicily dies, leading to a succession crisis.
Richard II of England begins his reign as king at the age of 10, on June 22, 1377 following the death of his grandfather, Edward III. Richard was crowned in the Westminster Abbey on July 16, 1377. His reign was initially governed by councils and his uncles, most notably John of Gaunt.
Highlights of his reign:
- His early reign was marked by the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, during which he personally confronted rebel leaders.- Tensions with the nobility, resulting in the "Merciless Parliament" of 1388, which executed several of his favorites.- His later reign (1397–1399) was described as "tyrannical" leading to his deposition by his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke (Henry IV), in 1399.- He died in captivity in early 1400, likely starved to death.
Peasants' Revolt begins in England. More
The Battle of Kosovo takes place between the Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Murad I, and a coalition of Balkan states led by Serbian Prince Lazar. Both leaders were killed during the battle. Ultimately, the Ottomans were able to regroup under Murad's son, Bayezid I. The battle was costly on both sides and it ultimately led to Serbia becoming an Ottoman vassal state.
The Council of Pisa elects Alexander V as the new pope on June 26,1409 further deepening the Western Schism, since the two existing popes refused to abdicate resulting in three competing claims to the papacy, further weakening the authority of the Church.
The Western Schism was not resolved until the Council of Constance in 1417, which deposed the three claimants and elected Martin V, finally reuniting the papacy.
The Battle of San Romano takes place between the Republic of Florence, led by Niccolò da Tolentino, and the Republic of Siena, under Francesco Piccinino. It took place near San Romano, a town approximately 30 miles outside Florence, Italy. The battle lasted for several hours and is generally considered a Florentine victory. The battle was part of a broader conflict in the 1430s involving Florence, its rival Lucca, and allies Siena and Milan.
Alfonso V of Aragon formally conquers Naples on June 2, 1442, from the Angevins; establishing Aragonese rule in southern Italy and reunifying the kingdoms of Sicily and Naples under one crown.
Charles VII's French armies successfully capture Bordeaux and most of Gascony from the English on June 30, 1451 a major blow to English holdings in France making it seem to bring an end to the protracted Hundred Years' War.
However the English, led by John Talbot (Earl of Shrewsbury) recaptures Bordeaux in late 1452 prompting a final French offensive that culminated in the decisive French victory at the Battle of Castillon on July 17, 1453, which finally secured Gascony for France and marked the end of English territorial claims in the region.
The University of Copenhagen is officially inaugurated in Denmark on June 1, 1479 at a ceremony in the Church of Our Lady. The University opened with the traditional medieval faculties of theology, law, medicine and philosophy. It is Denmark's oldest university and a leading research institution.
The University of Copenhagen is founded in Denmark on June 1, 1479. It is the country's oldest university, making it one of Northern Europe's oldest institutions of higher learning.
Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas on June 7, 1494, dividing the New World into Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence; establishing a new demarcation line between the two crowns, running from pole to pole, 370 leagues to the west of the Cape Verde islands.
The treaty amended papal bulls issued by Pope Alexander VI in 1493. These declarations had granted Spain an exclusive claim to the entirety of North and South America. More The New treaty granted Spain rights to lands to the west and Portugal to the east, an agreement that would later result in Portugal claiming Brazil.
Map by Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons (1622)
Italian explorer John Cabot, (Giovanni Caboto) sailing the Matthew under the English flag and seeking a route to Asia (China) for Henry VII, reaches the coast of what is now Canada. Claiming it for England although he believed it to be Asia.
He likely landed in Newfoundland or Labrador, his voyage established England's first major claim in North America and rekindled England's interest in the New World.