Iraq invades Kuwait on August 2, 1990 and five days later, on August 7, 1990 U.S. President George H.W. Bush orders Operation Desert Shield, the US operational name for the US buildup of forces and Saudi Arabia's defense which lasted until January, 16 1991 in preparation to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation.
It consisted of a buildup of approximately 670,000 coalition troops from 28 countries, but it did not include offensive combat actions against Iraq. The second phase, operation Desert Storm was launched on January 17, 1991 by the international coalition against Iraq.