"Operation Tidal Wave" - U.S. forces attack the German oil refineries at Ploiești, Romania which provide a third of Germany's fuel supplies. The mission, involving 177 B-24 Liberator bombers, was a low-level attack, intended to evade radar detection. The raid caused significant damage, but the refineries were later repaired. 53 aircraft and 500 aircrew lost, during the nicknamed "Black Sunday" raid.
A race riot takes place in Harlem, New York City, lasting two days, after a white police officer, James Collins, shot and wounded Robert Bandy, an African American soldier; and rumors circulated that the soldier had been killed. More
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The 80-foot patrol torpedo boat PT-109 commanded by Lieutenant (junior grade) John F. Kennedy was rammed and sunk by a Japanese destroyer on Aug. 2, 1943, during the Solomon Islands campaign during World War II.
Two crewmen were killed and 11 survived. Kennedy's actions were instrumental in saving his surviving crew which earned him several commendations and made him a war hero. Back problems stemming from the incident required months of hospitalization at Chelsea Naval Hospital and plagued him the rest of his life. More
During World War II in Europe, the Allies completed the conquest of the island of Sicily. After 38 days allowing U.S. General George S. Patton and his 7th Army to arrive in Messina several hours before British Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomery and his 8th Army. There were more than 24,000 American, British, and Canadian casualties on Sicily. More
The Polish Warsaw Uprising starts on August 1 1944 as the Polish Home Army, a non-Communist underground resistance movement, led by Polish General Tadeusz Bor-Komorowski, takes action to liberate the city from the German occupation and reclaim Polish independence, encouraged by the appearance of the Soviet Red Army along the east bank of the Vistula River and the perceived weakness of the German military.
However the Red army made no efforts to aid the rebels in Warsaw and by October 2, 1944, the Germans had suppressed the uprising, deporting civilians to concentration and forced-labor camps and reducing Warsaw to ruins. After the Germans eventually left, the Red Army came into Warsaw and established a Communist regime. More
The Battle of Romania takes place (The second Jassy–Kishinev offensive) lasting until August 29. The Soviet army assisted by American Air support encircles and destroys the German Sixth Army. On 23 August, King Michael of Romania led a coup d'état against pro Germany Prime Minister Ion Antonescu; the new government surrendered to the Allies and declared war on Germany.
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The Dumbarton Oaks Conference, formally, the Washington Conversations on International Peace and Security Organization, is held at the Dumbarton Oaks estate in Washington, D.C. It was an international conference at which proposals for the establishment of a "general international organization", which was to become the United Nations, were formulated and negotiated; following up on the commitment made at the Moscow Conferences of 1943 to create an international organization to succeed the League of Nations.
A little more than a year later, on 24 October 1945. the United Nations officially came unto existence after its Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and by a majority of other signatories with a total number of 51 founding members.
The Dumbarton Oaks Conference, conversations were held in two phases, since the Soviets were unwilling to meet directly with the Chinese. In the first phase, representatives of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States convened between August 21 and September 28. In the second, representatives of Republic of China, the United Kingdom, and the United States held discussions between September 29 and October 7.
Romania King Michael announces that Romania had unilaterally ceased all military actions against the Allies, accepted the Allied armistice offer and joined the war against the Axis powers. As no formal armistice offer had been extended yet, the Red Army occupied most of Romania as enemy territory prior to the signing of the Moscow Armistice of September 12, 1944.
Paris is liberated and the four-year Nazi occupation of the city comes to an end as the Free French 2nd Armored division under General Jacques-Philippe Leclerc enters the city and takes the German garrison capturing the German general Choltitz prisoner.
They took him to French General Leclerc where the men signed a formal surrender document and Paris was finally liberated. German general Dietrich von Choltitz had spared Paris from the destruction ordered by Hitler. More
The Potsdam Conference, held in Potsdam, Germany between the "Big Three": Britain, The Soviet Union and the United States comes to an end on August 2, 1945, without resolution on key issues.
The conference was held to negotiate the terms for the end of World War II. Even though the Allies remained committed to fighting a joint war in the Pacific, mutual distrust stemming from differing views of what a postwar world should look, like led to disagreements on several key issues between the Soviet Union and the West, set the stage for the Cold War. More
The United States drops an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The bomb dropped by the American B-29 bomber Enola Gay, detonated about 1,800 ft. above ground, killing over 105,000 persons and destroying the city. It is estimated that another 100,000 persons died later as a result of radiation effects. More
Soviet Russia declared war on Japan and sent troops into Japanese-held Manchuria.
The United States drops an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. An American B-29 bomber headed for the primary target which was the city of Kokura but because of the weather and poor visibility chose a secondary target, Nagasaki. The bomb detonated killing an estimated 70,000 persons and destroying about half the city.
Believing that continuation of the war would only result in further loss of Japanese lives, delegates of Emperor Hirohito accepted Allied surrender terms originally issued at Potsdam on July 26, 1945, with the exception that the Japanese Emperor's sovereignty would be maintained. The formal surrender ceremony occurred later, on September 2, 1945, on board the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.
South Korea and North Korea celebrate this day as their National Liberation Day as the Korean peninsula was freed from Japanese rule.
Proclamation of Independence of Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia from the Empire of Japan and the Netherlands. It is recognized as a national holiday in Indonesia.
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Norwegian scientist Thor Heyerdahl and five companions sail the Kon-Tiki, raft from Peru to the islands east of Tahiti. Heyerdahl was interested in demonstrating the possibility that ancient people from the Americas could have colonized Polynesia; to do so, he constructed the raft from locally available balsa logs at Callao, Peru, and in three and a half months traversed some 4,300 miles (6,900 km) of ocean. The Kon-Tiki has been preserved in a museum in Oslo, Norway. More
Image Source: Nasjonalbiblioteket from Norway, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Pakistan achieved independence one day prior to Indian independence. India was partitioned, and an East and West Pakistan were created from Muslim majority areas.
India, officially the Republic of India achieves its independence from Britain. India is a country in South Asia bordered by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. Neighboring countries include Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China, Nepal, and Pakistan. It is the seventh-largest country by area with an estimated 2023 population of over1.4 B. India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Myanmar, Thailand, and Indonesia.
During a hearing before the House Un-American Activities Committee, Whittaker Chambers, American writer and intelligence agent, accuses former State Department official Alger Hiss of being a communist and a spy for the Soviet Union. Hiss denied the accusation but was eventually tried and convicted of perjury. More
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