King Cyrus "the Great" of Persia conquers Babylon. A year later, in 538 BCE he issued a decree, ending the Babylonian Captivity for the Jewish people, permitting their return to their homeland, Judah to rebuild their Temple in Jerusalem and re-establish their community with the return beginning to take place in 537 BCE.
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What Happened in October?
Explorations, great battles, and crowned leaders. Discover meaningful events and milestones from October throughout history. Dates for earlier events may be approximate.
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The Battle of Gaza (Also known as the Siege of Gaza) occurs between Alexander the Great and Batis of Persia. After three attempts to enter the city, the Macedonians finally entered the city leading to Alexander's victory and the collapse of Persian rule.
Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela, also called the Battle of Arbela. One of Alexander's finest victories and a major defeat for the Persians, leading to the end of the Persian Empire and to the fall of Darius III. More
The Battle of Alesia during the Gallic Wars takes place. The Rome military forces under the command of Julius Caesar surround and blockade the city of Alesia where the Gallic general Vercingetorix and his forces were sheltered. Caesar directed his troops to erect a series of extensive fortifications, including two walls encircling the city, to keep the defenders in and potential reinforcements out. Vercingetorix’s eventual surrender secured Roman authority over Gaul in its entirety. More
The Battle of Philippi takes place in Greece, where the forces of the Second Triumvirate defeat the forces of Brutus and Cassius. The Battle of Philippi took place in two engagements. The first battle was on October 3rd, and the second and decisive battle was on October 23rd.
Marcus Junius Brutus, one of the conspirators in the assassination of Julius Caesar dies by suicide after being defeated in battle by Antony in Philippi. Greece.
Roman Emperor Claudius is poisoned, and Nero ascends to the throne.
Nero succeeds his adoptive father, Claudius as Roman Emperor
The Roman Emperor Nero orders the construction of the Domus Aurea (Golden House) after the Great Fire of Rome. The construction began shortly after the fire which significantly damaged a large part of the city and provided the space for the palace, It is believed that construction ended in 68 CEhe palace was built between 64 and 68 CE.
The Siege of Jerusalem concludes with the sacking and destruction of the Second Temple by the Roman Empire.
Constantine the Great defeats Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, becoming the sole Roman Emperor.
According to ancient sources, Constantine converted to Christianity just before the battle. It was likely the reason for his decision to end Christian persecution and establish Christianity as the most favored religion within the Roman Empire.
Persian king Cyrus (Achaemenid Empire), conquers Babylon, the ancient capital of the Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) empire covering modern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel. Many consider Babylon, the ancient literary, religious an science center,
The Battle of Tours takes place in France, where Frankish forces under Charles Martel defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, The large invading Islamic army was led by Emir Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi Abd al Rahman. During the battle, the Franks defeated the Islamic army and Emir Abd er Rahman was killed.
This battle stopped the northward advance of Islam from the Iberian peninsula, and is considered by most historians to be of macro historical importance, in that it halted the Islamic conquests, during a period in which Islam was conquering the remains of the old Roman and Persian Empires. More
The Battle of Tours takes place in modern-day France, where Frankish forces led by Charles Martel defeat an invading Muslim army, halting the spread of Islam into Europe.
The Second Council of Nicaea is held, addressing the use of religious images in the Byzantine Empire.
The Great Heathen Army of Vikings attacks Rome, sacking the city and its surroundings.
The Battle of Andernach, fought over control of the Middle Frankish territory of Lotharingia takes place between East Francia (Germany), under king Louis the Younger and West Francia (France), under king Charles the Bald. Louis's decisive victory ended Charles's attempts to expand eastward and secured the Rhineland for East Francia (Germany).
Louis the Stammerer is crowned as the King of the West Franks, succeeding his father Charles the Bald. This event marks an important moment in the history of the Carolingian dynasty. On his death, his realms were divided between his two sons, Carloman II and Louis III, while powerful duke Boso of Provence tried to carve out a realm in Lower Burgundy.
The founding of the Fatimid Caliphate by Imam Al-Mahdi Billah in North Africa.
The construction of the Brihadisvara Temple in India is completed, dedicated to the Hindu deity Shiva.