Born on This Day: September 23

First Roman emperor, whose political settlement, administration, and public works created the imperial system.

Mongol ruler who founded the Yuan dynasty and reshaped political and cultural exchange across Eurasia.

American educator and activist whose work advanced civil rights and women’s suffrage.

American journalist whose writing on public opinion and democracy shaped modern political communication.

American saxophonist whose harmonic and spiritual innovations transformed jazz.

American singer and musician whose fusion of gospel, blues, jazz, and country transformed popular music.

Spanish singer whose multilingual recordings made him one of the most internationally successful vocalists.

American songwriter whose music has become an enduring account of work, community, and American life.