Born on This Day: February 28

French writer whose Essays created a new literary form centered on inquiry, self-examination, and tolerance.

French scientist whose research advanced entomology, metallurgy, temperature measurement, and natural history.

American educator who founded Mount Holyoke and helped establish rigorous higher education for women.

English illustrator whose political cartoons and images for Alice in Wonderland became enduring visual culture.

American chemist and peace advocate whose work transformed understanding of chemical bonds, molecular biology, and nuclear disarmament.

American filmmaker whose visual style and musicals became major achievements of classical Hollywood cinema.

American organized-crime figure whose role in developing Las Vegas became part of the city’s modern history.

American economist whose work on trade, economic geography, and public policy has influenced modern economics and public debate.