Browse Historical Events by Day: What Happened on January 25th?

Emperor Augustus renews the law against bachelors and childless marriages in Rome.

The Mongols under Ghazan Khan capture the Syrian Citadel of Aleppo, marking Mongol expansion into the region.

King Władysław I of Poland issues the formal establishment of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Union with the coronation of his son.

Edward II of England is formally deposed, and his son, Edward III, becomes king.

King David II of Scotland holds a Parliament at Scone, attempting to raise funds for the ransom to free himself from English captivity.

King Edward III of England establishes the Order of the Garter, England's highest chivalric order.

Pope Gregory XI publishes five papal bulls condemning the doctrines of John Wycliffe.

Louis I of Anjou is crowned King of Naples, initiating the Angevin dynasty's rule in southern Italy.

During his third voyage, Christopher Columbus discovers the island of Isla de Margarita off the coast of Venezuela.

Spanish conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific Ocean after crossing the Isthmus of Panama.

King Henry VIII of England secretly marries Anne Boleyn.

Henry VIII of England marries his third wife, Jane Seymour, following the execution of Anne Boleyn.

The City of São Paulo is founded in Brazil. The city’s name derives from its having been founded by Jesuit missionaries on the anniversary of the conversion of St. Paul.

The assassination of Henry I, Duke of Guise, takes place during the French Wars of Religion.

Geneva expels Catholic residents, following the escalation of religious tensions.

Elizabeth I of England signs the death warrant for Mary, Queen of Scots, who is executed three days later.

A document detailing the Gunpowder Plot is anonymously delivered to English authorities, leading to the plot's exposure.

1648, January 25 - The Thirty Years' War ends with the Treaty of Westphalia which changed the map of Europe irrevocably. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. The Spanish-Dutch Peace of Münster treaty was signed on January 30, 1648.

The Bank of England is chartered by the English Parliament, becoming the first national bank in the world.

The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire.

The Treaty of Amiens is signed, temporarily ending hostilities between France and the United Kingdom during the Napoleonic Wars.

The Mexican War of Independence concludes with the signing of the Treaty of Córdoba, recognizing Mexican independence from Spain.

The British East India Company captures Aden, establishing a strategic foothold in Yemen.

The United States battleship Maine is commissioned.

The Cullinan Diamond, the largest diamond ever found is discovered near Pretoria in modern-day South Africa. It was named after the chairman of the mining company, Thomas Cullinan. In its uncut state, it weighed 3,106 metric carats with a size of 10.1 x 6.35 x 5.9 cm. with extraordinary blue-white color and exceptional clarity. The rough stone was gifted to King Edward VII in 1907 and cut into nine major diamonds named Cullinan I through IX, ranked from largest to smallest. More

A viral outbreak of the coronavirus begins in Wuhan, China, which later leads to a global pandemic.