The U.S. States Supreme Court establishes its power of judicial review in the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison, decided on February 24, 1803; declaring it has the authority to review and strike down acts of Congress and Executive actions that violate the Constitution.
This decision affirmed the system of checks and balances, establishing the Supreme Court's power to check the legislative and executive branches as the final interpreter of the Constitution and a co-equal branch of government.