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Discover major historical events, notable birthdays, and milestones that happened on this day in history. Updated regularly on Kudos 365 — explore the moments that shaped our world.

NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day:

Would the Rosette Nebula by any other name look as sweet? The bland New General Catalog designation of NGC 2237 doesn't appear to diminish the appearance of this flowery emission nebula, as captured by the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) on the Blanco 4-meter telescope at the NSF's Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. Inside the nebula lies an open cluster of bright young stars designated NGC 2244. These stars formed about four million years ago from the nebular material and their stellar winds are clearing a hole in the nebula's center, insulated by a layer of dust and hot gas. Ultraviolet light from the hot cluster stars causes the surrounding nebula to glow. The Rosette Nebula spans about 100 light-years across, lies about 5000 light-years away, and can be seen with a small telescope towards the constellation of the Unicorn (Monoceros). Open Science: Browse 3,700+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library

Audi Sport quattro concept at Frankfurt Motor Show 2013 in Frankfurt, Germany. The company was founded on this day 116 years ago.

Thomas Wolf, www.foto-tw.de, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, via Wikimedia Commons. View source.

Emily Dickinson (1830 - 1886) was an American poet born in Amherst, Massachusetts, known for her unique style and prolific, yet largely unshared, body of work. She lived a largely secluded life, particularly after her early 30s. She composed nearly 1,800 poems, most of which were discovered and published after her death. She also wrote hundreds of letters. Her only publications during her lifetime were one letter and 10 of her poems. Dickinson's poetry is characterized by its unconventional use of punctuation, slant rhyme, and exploration of themes such as nature, death, and immortality. 

NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day:

What's happened in Hebes Chasma on Mars? Hebes Chasma is a depression just north of the enormous Valles Marineris canyon. Since the depression is unconnected to other surface features, it is unclear where the internal material went. Inside Hebes Chasma is Hebes Mensa, a 5 kilometer high mesa that appears to have undergone an unusual partial collapse -- a collapse that might be providing clues. The featured image, taken by ESA's robotic Mars Express spacecraft currently orbiting Mars, shows great details of the chasm and the unusual horseshoe shaped indentation in the central mesa. Material from the mesa appears to have flowed onto the floor of the chasm, while a possible dark layer appears to have pooled like ink on a downslope landing. One hypothesis holds that salty rock composes some lower layers in Hebes Chasma, with the salt dissolving in melted ice flows that drained through holes into an underground aquifer.

Pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea), Cape Palos, region of Murcia, Spain. This species of stingray has a worldwide distribution in waters warmer than 19 °C (66 °F), and migrates seasonally to spend the summer closer to the continental shelf and at higher latitudes. The only stingray that almost exclusively inhabits the open ocean, this species is typically found in surface waters down to a depth of 100 m (330 ft). The pelagic stingray typically grows to 1.3 m (4.3 ft) long and 59 cm (23 in) across. It's an active predator that captures prey by wrapping its pectoral fins around it, before manipulating it to the mouth. A wide variety of organisms are represented in its diet: crustaceans, molluscs, bony fishes, sea horses and filefish, comb jellies and medusae, and polychaete worms.

Diego Delso, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. View source.

Island County, Washington

NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day:

What is going on with this galaxy? NGC 2685 is a confirmed polar ring galaxy - a rare type of galaxy with stars, gas and dust orbiting in rings perpendicular to the plane of a flat galactic disk. The bizarre configuration could be caused by the chance capture of material from another galaxy by a disk galaxy, with the captured debris strung out in a rotating ring. Still, observed properties of NGC 2685 suggest that the rotating helix structure is remarkably old and stable. In this sharp view of the peculiar system also known as Arp 336 or the Helix galaxy, the strange, perpendicular rings are easy to trace as they pass in front of the galactic disk, along with other disturbed outer structures. NGC 2685 is about 50,000 light-years across and 40 million light-years away in the constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). Piece it All Together: Astronomy Puzzle of the Day

Photo by Stefan Thrun

A cavalryman of the French Republican Guard during the Bastille Day military parade. This regiment is responsible for special security duties in Paris (including guarding important public buildings) and for providing guards of honour at official ceremonies.

Jebulon, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. View source.